Promotional Mix for the Tide Racing Campaign Essay -- BTEC Business Ma

Promotional Mix for the Tide Racing Campaign There are hundreds of different ways top notch companies promote their products. When companies combine the many promotional methods used to promote a specific product, they represent the promotion mix for the product. The promotion mix is made up of four elements: advertising, personal selling, public relations, and sales promotion. Our assignment was to collect five items from the promotional mix in one campaign. Tom Utz works as a salesman for Proctor & Gamble. He works directly with the Nash Finch wholesaler based out of Minneapolis, MN, which owns several grocery chains such as Buy N’ Save, Albertson’s and Econo Foods. Tom specializes in selling laundry detergent soaps such as Tide, Gain, Era, and Cheer to Nash Finch retail stores. One of his biggest campaigns is selling Tide laundry detergent in the Tide Racing campaign. Advertising Advertising is a paid non-personal communication about an organization and its products transmitted to a target audience through mass media. Some examples are television, radio, newspapers, Internet, and direct mail. Proctor & Gamble’s most prominent form of advertising are television ads. Many people do not realize the products they use are even made by Proctor & Gamble. I have collected a Spanish direct mailing by Proctor & Gamble called â€Å"avanzando: con tu familia†, which means better living with your family. The magazine offers tips for using beauty products such as shampoo, make-up, deodorants, and toothpaste. It also offers advice for selling your home and cooking tips. The end of the direct mailing magazine has many coupons for purchasing the items they learned about. Proctor & Gamble hopes to get the consumer to try t... ...am include a t-shirt, hat, hot wheels car, water jug, and even a remote control car. These are all items donated by Proctor & Gamble to the retail stores in order to catch the attention of consumers. Thousands of people are willing to sign their names up for a chance to win in a free drawing. The drawings will benefit the company because they are getting their name and product featured, and the store benefits because it will lure customers into the store and extra purchases. This is a win-win situation for both parties. I have found various items from all four of the promotional mix elements. Effective promotional campaigns require a solid mix of items from the four elements. Companies seek to find the right variety from the four elements, and sometimes do not use all four elements. Tide racing uses all four items to promote their sponsorship with NASCAR.

Retailing in China

Therefore, the aim of the present study is to work out a high-level plan of successful localization trainees. By analyzing the status quo of Chinese retail market and the current situation of transnational retailers in China (including the case study of Careful), this paper explores how consumer behavior, culture and government roles can affect the localization strategy and creates a list of formats for successful localization strategies. The paper proceeds in four sections.First, the concept of retailing localization (3 layers of localization) is Introduced as an antidote to the deficiencies of the prevailing study approaches to transnational retailing. One background sections hen follow. While the first part charts the status quo of Chinese retailing market and the rapid growth of transnational retailing, the second profiles the opportunities and threats transnational retailers face in the process of localization.Then, by studying the case of Careful (China), the strategy analysis of localization in China for transnational retailers is profiled, including the analysis of the 3 layers of localization – namely localizing the strengths, localizing the products and operational system (ups) and localizing management and corporate cultural (PEP). Finally, the wider implications of this study for transnational retailers in the process of localization are put forward in the concluding section. 1. Introduction 1. 1 The Problem and the Study Objective Admit it or not, the relationship between transnational giant retailers and China has become a love-hate one.On one hand, China Is virtually any retailer's largest opportunity for growth In the 21 SST century. With its booming economy, fast growing domestic markets and untapped talent base, China offers massive business opportunities and great strategic importance for retail companies all over the world. A large and growing consumer base of 1. Billion people. National retail sales reached some 837$ billion in 2005 with an increase of 12. 9% over 2004 It is estimated that national retail sales will exceed some 1250$ billion in 2010. Source: http://www. Showbiz. Com. CNN/ SMS. PH? Org=show=33431 =l On the other, China's unique cultural, business, and political environments pose significant challenges to transnational retailing operations that require a high degree of localization. Based on the fact that the localization of retailing Is much more complicated and comprehensive than other Industries, retailers usually find themselves puzzled and bewildered 1 n China. Indeed, many retailers have fallen prey to these challenges in the past 10 years AT operations In canal toners nave Eden unrolling extreme narrators In ten process of localization.The concrete causes of their problems vary. However, one common underlying characteristic is that they all, to some extent, failed to conduct successful localization strategies. The initial objective of this paper is to look at the problems retailers have en countered and explore the flaws in their localization strategies. The present study has one more objective: to work out a solution to a racial problem about how the transnational retailers can deal with the socio- cultural differences in China and conduct successful localization strategies.On the surface, these challenges appear difficult to overcome; yet, when we study the case of the multinational retailing corporations operating in China today, it is evident that some have achieved exceptional success based on their well-developed localization strategies. The experiences of these successful companies can be mined to create a list of formats which can help diagnose localization blunders of transnational retailers in China. Thanks to my internship experience with Chuan as Sale Management Trainee, I have been able to investigate retailing operations as an insider and had more profound understanding on this study. . 2 Current Study The uniqueness of Chinese retail market and the high demand of localization for retailing industry both in degree and content, make the research on the localization of transnational retailers in China an extremely interesting and meaningful one. While many previous researches have been focused on the localization of transnational corporations, only a few have explored the localizing strategies of retailing operation. Therefore, it is not an easy task to study the localization of retailing operations.However, by referring to those previous studies in relating fields, I have been able to explore deeper about this subject. The study of this paper is based on a mixture of primary and secondary sources. This material is supported by critical examination of longitudinal data from annual reports, company documents, as well as scientific work of business magazines and web site. 2. Localization 2. 1 The Definition of Localization When a company conducts global expansion, it is surely to be involved into the process of communication with local customers.It is therefore necessary for the company to get familiar with local culture, to study different customs, and to make proper adjustments to their strategies according to the varied response of customers. The executive of Careful once said 2 when doing market research in China that, â€Å"A store is a miniature of the country or city it locates in, so it should be adapted to the local environment. † There are many definitions on localization from different angles. Some of them are based on cultural and linguistic context, some focus merely on localizing the products.However, as for he definition of retailing localization which is a highly territory-embedded process, more practical and multidimensional view is required. Definition based on culture context According to the Localization Industry Standards Association (LISA), localization Involves: ‘alkali a product Ana making It linguistically Ana culturally appropriate to the target locale where it will be used and sold. ‘ 2. 3 Three Layers of Localization for Transnational Retailing 2. 31 Two Misconceptions of Localization A. When talking about localization, people usually focus merely on product or service.Nevertheless, a successful localization strategy for retailing is much more complicated and comprehensive, including also the localization of operating system , management system ,even corporate culture and business ideas. B. A very important aspect of localization is usually ignored, that is, to bring in and localize the advantageous strengths of giant retailers. To retain their core values and stick to their distinct features are the requirements of localization for transnational retailers. In other words, localization and sticking to their uniqueness or strengths never contradict with each other.Instead, a sound localization occurs under the precondition that the strengths are maintained and enhanced during the process of development and adjustment. 2. 32 Layer 1 : to Localize the Strength of Giant Retailers A. Strength of giant retailers When talking about the localizing of strengths, it is significant to identify the strengths of giant retailers in the first place. Giant retailers have achieved great success in the world market largely because of the competitive advantages developed over decades of operation. Indeed, marketing and distribution expertise adds value at foreign-owned detailing stores.For Chinese consumers in particular, who are increasingly conscious about food safety and hygiene and getting sick with the environment of traditional Chinese markets, transnational retailers offer greater reassurance and a wider choice than traditional markets. ‘Compared with a Chinese supermarket, the service is better, the choice is wider, the food is fresher and they provide shuttle buses,' said Yang Shaping, a retired woman who spends about 100 Yuan during her weekly shopping trip to Wall-Mart. (The Guardian, 25/3/2006) The strengths of giant retai lers are listed as follows: a.Abundant capital, their scale, a stable flow of finance and rapid turnover b. Advanced technology and advanced distribution, logistics systems c. Advanced marketing and management experience 3 d. Well-established global competitiveness, corporate image and culture B. Three phases of localize the strength While it is important to note that transnational giant retailer have their strengths , more attention should be paid to the localization of these strength due to the fact that no business idea or system can achieve success by simply copying unless they are made suitable to the local market environment.Wall-Mart's Cam's Club is a good case in point: The most important feature of Cam's Club is that it is located in the countryside. It has achieved great success in the United States, however, it turns out to be a total failure in the Chinese market because only a small proportion of Chinese people own private cars. What's worse, the transportation system i n China is far from well-developed. Consequently, city dwellers have difficult access to Cam's Club located far away from their home. Realizing this problem, Wall-Mart soon decides to open stores in the cities to accommodate itself to the Chinese market.To localize the strength, the first step is to bring in advanced technology and management system to a foreign market for that is exactly winner ten AAA value Lies In. I en Toweling step Is to accost tense strengths to certain economic and cultural environments. Next, after localization reaches certain degree, hopefully, this strength can be further developed. 2. 33 Layer 2: to Localize Product and Operational System According to Farley dictionary, retailing is the functions and activities involved in the sale of goods and services to consumers for their personal, family, or household use.It is obvious that retailing as an industry has intense communication with consumers, the service retailers offer is, by large extent, to provide c ustomers with products they need. Due to different culture, custom, demographics, different group of people in different region have varied tastes over products. Therefore, retailers have to make careful investigation and analysis into consumer behavior and preference in order to enhance consumer satisfactory. A thorough localization strategy in product structure is critical to transnational retailers.As for sourcing, localizing the sourcing in local economy enable transnational retailers to meet needs of local customers and reduce delivery cost. Top retailers have come up with a series of advanced business modes and operation system during long time of operating experience. But this modes and system should be integrated into and modified with local environment and uniqueness, as explained above in the elaboration of the first layer of localization. 4 3. Retailing Transnational in China 3. The Status Quo of Chinese Retail Environment Like everything else in China these days, the cha nge of retail market is at a spectacular speed and on a scale the world has never seen before. It is already one of the fastest expansions in retail history, but analysts say it could get faster as international giants race for territory in a $billion retail market that is growing at a double-digit pace. The domestic supermarket leader is Baling, with nearly 2 000 stores, and the foreign legion is led by Careful, which has 70 hypermarkets, eight supermarkets and more than 100 discount shops.Wall-Mart currently has 56 megastars mostly in the southeast with about 30 000 employees. But even after it opens 20 more stores this year, its sales are unlikely to enter the top 10 of China's major retailers. Germany's Metro is the No. 4 foreign player, with 24 stores and another 40 within five years. Foreign investment has formerly been focused in Shanghai, Beijing, Sheen and other large eastern cities. But, as a sign of the growing power of Chinese consumption, many of the new shops are being opened in smaller cities. 3. Opportunity and Threat Analysis 3. 21 Opportunities for Retailing Transnational There is no shortage of incentives for foreign retailers in China. For many Chinese people, price is no longer the priority. Foreign retailers are also Telling It sealers to set up snoops Decease many restrictions n overseas firms were lifted in 2004 under China's World Trade Organization commitments. A. The largest consumer market With a population of 1. 3 billion and massive markets, China is attracting intense interest from the world as a consumer market.Over the past 20 years, retail sales in China have Jumped nearly 15% annually, to some $837 billion in 2005 making it the third-largest market on earth. The average annual income of China's 1. 3 billion people is less than $1 500. But the middle class is growing fast particularly in eastern cities and it has enough disposable income to start focusing on brand, safety, quality and taste. Consumer demand for modern shopping environment Since the mid sass, the high demand for modern shopping environments in China has been growing due to the rapid economic growth and rising levels of affluence. And consumer expectations have shot up even faster.Accompanied by the increase of purchasing power in China since then, both traditional supermarkets and department stores were not be able to meet the requirements of one-stop 5 shopping and shopping as leisure. Just a few years ago, most Chinese were content to line up in state-owned stores to buy whatever meager products were available, ND then shuffle off to unsanitary outdoor markets for meat, eggs, and vegetables. Now both local chains and the multinationals are pushing out the stodgy old state retailers and mom-and-pop shops by building big, convenient stores in central locations in Beijing, Shanghai, and Gunshot.Huge mass retailers emerged by providing customers with a great variety of goods at low cost and one-stop shopping. Therefore, it is undoubted a go lden time for retailers to enter a market that shows great assurance to them. For example, Macro from the Netherlands first entered Taiwan and quickly captured more than 30% market share in 1989. B. The change of policy from a protectionist orientation toward liberalizing In keeping with the conditions for China's membership in the World Trade Organization, Beijing on Deck. 1, 2004 lifted most restrictions on foreign retailers. Gone are limits on the number of stores, rules confining them to large cities, and regulations capping the foreigners' stake in local ventures at 65%. C. Regional advantages of Chinese market Cheep and sufficient labor resources: with its vast population, China is always able to provide transnational retailers with abundant labor force which requires relatively low ages. Moreover, Chinese employees are far more reliable than their counterpart in the host countries of international giant retailers.Cheap merchandises: the cost of many products in China is much less than in developed countries because of the cheap labor, which allows transnational retailers to make reasonable sourcing decisions both in China and the world. 3. 22 Threats for Retailing Transnational Given all the opportunities presented by China's growth, many NC retailers are eager to gain access to this market. The country unique traditions, history, culture, and overspent policies, altogether mean that doing business in China can be a complicated and time-consuming undertaking.Foreign retailers interested in gaining access to China face lots of challenges which they must attempt to solve or they will turn away. A. Intense competition from both transnational and domestic companies Competition from transnational companies There has always being fierce competition Detente gallant retailers In ten essences market; no one wants to De lagged Denver. As Tiff Gill, senior manager of the Kurt Salmon Associates Consultancy said, ‘All the big players are engaged in a turf war. It is about being first and getting as much coverage in as many cities as possible.This is a period of very aggressive growth. We are bordering the top end of the curve. But there is a possibility that investment could grow even faster. ‘(The Guardian, March 25, 2006) Many U. S. And foreign retailers are accelerating their investments in China, spurred by further easing of government restrictions and the allure of the world's fastest-growing consumer market. These giant retailers are engaging in fierce competition, opening many new stores in order to take advantage of the high rates of growth in this segment of the detail market 6 B is also pushing hard.The British firm's owner, Kingfisher, plans to increase the number of its stores in China from 49 to 100 by 2010. Kea has also caught the expansion bug. For several years, it has had only two superstores in China, but it plans to open two a year from now on. Competition from Chinese domestic companies Chinese sellers have the edge over foreign rivals, strengthening their presence more rapidly at lower expenditures. Their understanding of the local market and well-developed sales networks enable domestic retailers to respond more quickly and react more flexibly to market changes.With the foreigners attacking their home turf, Chinese retailers are fighting back. Take China Resources Enterprise Ltd. , which operates more than 1,700 supermarkets and hypermarkets, including China Resources Vanguard stores for example, the retailer has trimmed its staff to boost profitability, and has sought to improve management by raiding the foreign chains. Today nearly half of the middle and senior managers in Acre's retail unit used to work at foreign-owned stores. Those foreign-trained managers have brought in marketing expertise.For instance, to build brand loyalty, CREE rewards frequent shoppers with discounts, and the company has lolled out more than 60 private-label products, including bottled water, shampoo, and bod y lotion. And CREE is moving upscale. The company this year expects to open four â€Å"lifestyle† stores offering higher-end products. Plans call for an additional 20 such stores within three years. Chinese government's ultimate goal is to create a dozen or so big local players that will be strong enough to compete with the multinationals at home and expand overseas.It is not possible for the Chinese government to allow foreign retailers to take the dominant position in the Chinese market. B. Diversified consumer behavior Chinese people have their own unique characteristics, considerably different from, sometimes contrary to, that of Westerners. Consequently, Chinese consumers have their unique buying behavior, buying motive, their preference on merchandise and taste on design etc. Therefore, the marketing strategy to penetrate Chinese market should be tailored to these Chinese characteristics. Unique Chinese characteristics * Chinese adapted to catering to authority and to h armonize with others. Chinese have more interest In unman Telling Ana mementos than clientele or logical concerns. In terms AT KICK read, literary books rate more highly than scientific books, compared with westerners. 2003:128-161) Chinese culture is built on trust, relationships, and mutual respect. * Negotiations are normally bottom-up and informal. (Comfort, J. 2001 : 23-26) *The concept of face' is very important Avoiding action that could be perceived as anti-china, coercive, or condescending. Chinese purchasing behavior and recent trends * The Chinese display a strong suspicion of cheap products combined with a desire for bargains.The typical Chinese shopper engages in habitual comparison shopping rather than 7 impulse buying, typified by the saying, ‘Never make a purchase until you have compared three shops. ‘ Nevertheless, shoppers quickly snap up items perceived to be bargains. * Generally speaking, Chinese are fickle customers with little brand loyalty. (Kate- if, lee 2003: 10-13) When selecting purchases, the Chinese tend to attach more importance to the reputation of the item among the community they belong to, such as colleagues, friends, neighbors than to the performance of the goods or how well they suit their lifestyle.Thus, penetration of all communities is important for successful marketing in China. * Laying great emphasis on freshness f food: * There are also numerous new trends for Chinese consumer, which makes it difficult for overseas retailers to sensor and follow. A. Being increasingly conscious about food health and hygiene b. Issues of obesity and nutrition amongst children are also of increasing concern. Double-digit growth in the fast food and snack industries, changing lifestyles and a uniquely Chinese legacy – the one child policy -? are key drivers. C.Concerns focused on environment, safety have accelerated in the wake of CARS, avian flu and widespread pollution, prompting a wider consciousness about product s afety – from ice cream to I-pods. And, while perhaps sporadic and not yet conscious, a linkage between consumer rights and wider environmental concerns is beginning to emerge. D. While still evolving, the expression of consumer rights in China marks an important stage on the road to a greater collective social conscience, which, for so long, has opted to be quietly oppressed by those in authority. 4. Localizing the Strength Giant retailers have all establish a prestige during long time of operation. Yet, in China they may encounter unexpected situation result from the uniqueness of Chinese market. Consequently, retailers should be clear about what detergents can remain effective and what should be changed and localized. While Careful draws on its network system in its global operations (e. G. For certain IT and logistical systems), most aspects of its activities are strategically localized to meet the specific characteristics and needs of the Chinese market and its business, political and consumer cultures.Generally speaking, the key success factors for Careful, which are applied worldwide, are: one-stop shopping, extremely low prices, full range of choices, self-service, and free parking. These factors can be viewed as the strength of Careful. To remain competitive in China, Careful bought in these strengths with her, adopting flexible two-stage philosophy to localize her long-established strength and achieve stable growth. At the 1st stage, to enable branch stores to smoothly operate as fast as possible and to maintain high turnover.Meanwhile, to decentralized authority of set-up branches to link with community development that Totally leads ten Increases AT local tax, employment Ana Turner proselytes AT communities, Careful decides to set up a new store after the investigations of location, store space and neighboring purchasing power. For example, she built a whole-selling or green store in industrial region and a general retailing or blue store in residential ones in Taiwan. By adopting this strategy, Careful could capture both big and 8 small accounts in one shot and then grow much faster than her rivals in the early stage of market entry.At the 2nd stage, Careful focuses on customers, personnel training and market channels. She gradually enhances service quality, product innovation and emphasizes personnel cultivation. Frenchmen take the positions of top-level management constantly to infuse management philosophy of ‘serve customers' and ‘action orientation' into each store overseas. When walk into any stores of Careful, you will see many staff walk around to replenish stocks all the time. The manager in charge of a store also wanders around the store once it is open.Careful further adopts strategic alliances to develop private label products to supply more offerings so as to meet the needs of one-stop shopping of Chinese people. At the same time, utilizing the system of commerce automation to centralize the pur chasing matters of all stores, Careful could coordinate orderings, stock management and data processing for better control and decision-making. . 33 Public Relation In China, the localization of relation is the core of strategic localization. Chinese people pay special attention to the harmony of community.To deal with ‘relation' in China is a matter of delicacy to transnational retailers because, for one thing, the relation-business pattern is very much different from their operation in western countries; for another, it is essential to their success in the Chinese market. The most successful retailing companies have been willing to exchange short-term profits for long-term success, short-term employee productivity for long-term employee development, and short-term expedience for long-term government trust. Relation with government As a special Chinese characteristic, good government relationship is very important for companies.The government is not only a major consumer (gov ernment procurement) , but it is also the main policy maker and opinion leader. Learning how government works and how to establish good relationships is a critical step. A foreign company that is considered a friend o government will be granted favors such as a heads-up on legislation changes or inside advice on how to do business. Conversely, a company that is deemed unfriendly will suffer consequences such as negative comments about its products or passage of laws that exclude it from doing certain business.Getting on the wrong side of a key government agency can be disastrous. Interestingly, Carouser's relationship with the Chinese government is a love-hate one. She has made full use of the loopholes in government regulation to dominate the Chinese market, while at the same promoting employment and improving living standard. Relation with Partners Careful is good at choosing and maintaining local partners. She is always n seek of experienced local retailers actively and establish ing cooperation with them to get Tambala to ten local market as soon as poss. Ole Ana gain support In sourcing, human resources. 9 5.Conclusion Further Implications for transnational retailers operating overseas Improving crisis management capacity When operating in foreign country, retailers are always confronted with problems. What transnational retailers need to do is to improve crisis management capacity. Take Wall-Mart's bean curd crisis for example, instead of responding to the problem actively, it remained science long before giving a suitable explanation, which had ruined its image in Gudgeon seriously. When facing crisis, it is important to make quick response because silence may be interpreted as being indifferent and irresponsible by local consumers.Then, active investigations should be carried out immediately to find the causes. Finally, the existing problems need to be solved as soon as possible. Shaping humane culture That most retailers prefer on- going promotions to attract new customers and retain old ones is totally different from everyday low price and no price promotion practices of Wall-Mart. An open and tolerating culture of Wall-Mart could endure over time because managements treat employees as their associates. They show respect to each other and share both profit and knowledge that lead to the creation of a harmony organizational climate.Therefore, companies ought to develop themselves not as a workplace but a learning institution with the culture of caring and sharing. Combining sales channels Retailers could combine sales channels of physical stores and virtual ones to widen their accessibility to potential customers. The virtual shops could not only increase attention sales, but also accumulate market information for further investigation. Regarding localization as a two-way process Localization needs to be read as a potentially two-way process that is not simply about the transnational retailers adapting themselves to specific mark et conditions.Certain retail formats and technologies developed in particular contexts may then be diffused to other country operations, including the home market. Samsung-Tests, for example, has developed an IT system that has subsequently been rolled-out across the company, and is currently home to a ‘global' team working on e-commerce technology. The emergence of China will be the single most important economic event in the next decade. Along with it will come tremendous business opportunities, a large pool of talent, and many powerful companies.The stakes are high for retailing company. If it fails, another company or product could become a Chinese national standard, its products could be excluded from government procurement, and its image could be destroyed. If it succeeds, it stands to gain sustainable and predictable profitability, win-win partnerships with the Chinese government and companies, and great employees from a pool of amazing talent. This paper describes a hi gh-level plan of how to achieve this success by localization in China, by learning from other companies' success and failures.First, a company must localize 10 Localization strategy AT Remonstration Retailers In c in 3 layers. Then, these strategies should be adapted to unique Chinese characteristics. In addition, giant retailers needs to improve crisis management capacity, shape humane culture, and develop greater information system. By carrying out the proposed strategy of localization, retailing companies can realize their potential in China by assisting China to realize her potential in the 21st century. 11

Applying Learning Theories Of Learning - 1469 Words

Applying Learning Theory to Life PSY 331 Catherine Vivi Ashford University Instructor: Steven Peters February 9, 2015 Applying Learning Theory to Life Epistemology, or in other words, the theory of knowledge, is the study of knowledge, what it is, how we acquire it, and our justifiable beliefs that are included in that study. Generally, the study of knowledge is done through a philosophical method. There are four basic theories of learning; those are behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism, and humanism; this paper will address these four theories of learning, in addition, we will address principles of learning, schema and scaffolding, adaption, metacognition, and strategies to ensure learning success. The term behaviorism refers to the school of psychology founded by John B. Watson. Behaviorism theory is based on the idea that behaviors can be measured, trained, and changed. In D. A. Lieberman’s book Psychology of learning (2012, Ch. 2.3), he states, â€Å"Watson believed that psychologists should be concerned with overt behavior rather than the hidden processes of the mind, and he argued for a greater concern with practical applications†. This this theory believes that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Behaviorism attempts to measure through observation of behavior, using the observations to control behavior through conditioning. The term cognitivism refers to the school of psychology based on how the brain processes information and memory. CognitivismShow MoreRelatedApplying Learning Theories3548 Words   |  15 PagesIntroduction to Learning Theories EDU622-0603A-01: Applying Learning Theories Unit 1 IP Dr. Trude Fawson American Intercontinental University June 17, 2006 Introduction How do we come to know what we know? What is knowledge? These questions are important not only for epistemologists or philosophers who study knowledge, but, as well for those interested in the sciences and education. Whether knowledge is seen as absolute, separate from the knower and corresponding to a knowable, external realityRead MoreApplying Learning Theory Of Life1507 Words   |  7 Pages Applying Learning Theory to Life Kristen Lewis PSY331: Psychology of Learning Nina Dulabaum 2 Feb 2015 Introduction: Learning can be defined as a lasting change in behavior of an entity that is down to the experience gained by the entity. The basic purpose of this paper is to apply the learning principles to by presenting and teaching the information to others in the workforce, to help people learn in the best way. We have to choose the best methods and best principles of learningRead MoreApplying Learning Theory to Life1015 Words   |  5 PagesEffective training begins with managers who are able to create an environment that engages different learning types (multiple Intelligences). While it is important, to remember that none can be applied across the panel to all learners in all situations; nevertheless some interconnections are apparent. Blends of pedagogical and embracing various learning panaches help meet the need of a larger portion of the employees. Fundamentally vital is the well-defined material assembled in right sequencesRead MoreApplying Adult Learning Theory Through Character Ana lysis Essay1448 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract This assignment explores the learning theories of Mezirow and Bandura through the character analysis of Malcolm X, portrayed by actor Denzel Washington from the film â€Å"Malcolm X†. The focus is to examine the theoretical perspective of adult learning theories transformative learning and that of social learning and how they impact character learning and development. Applying Adult Learning Theory through A character Analysis The film â€Å"Malcolm X,† produced by Worth, written and directedRead MoreAn Article On Theories Of Career Development1090 Words   |  5 PagesThis article is about theories of career development. By applying the theories to my career developments, evaluating the strength and weakness of those theories, then I took my parents’ working experience as examples, finally came up with my theory that should be used when making a vocational choice. Applying Theories to My Career Development There are two career development theories which is quite coinciding with my career development. The first one is the vocational choice theory of Holland (1997)Read MoreExploring Strategies for Teaching Essay1189 Words   |  5 Pagesthe teacher will have to have an idea about teaching and learning and apply it in his or her instruction. Conversely, instruction of information should be done in a manner that the student can explicate the information that the teacher is elucidating. This instruction will require objectives for the student and strategies to execute those objectives. The concept and skill that I would instruct would be counseling theories. Counseling theories are knowledge and skills that enhances the counselor toRead MoreMy Educational Journey As A Student990 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstanding the dynamics of the school environment, I had to navigate ways to attain that ambition. By applying various strategies, having determination, and being passionate about the students who were before me, I finally gathered two main philosophies that are extremely useful and relevant. By applying the beliefs of the Choice Theory, plus catering to students and their different learning styles, prove to be most effective in my classroom. My specific inspiration for teaching is to develop studentsRead MoreTeaching, Learning And Clinical Setting1563 Words   |  7 Pages Stephen Carp, PT, PhD, GCS Assignment Four Teaching and Learning in Clinical Setting Clinical education in physical therapy curriculum is very important to future practitioners for demonstrating the effective clinical teaching practices to ensure that the students learn skills, knowledge and behaviors which are essential for entry into practice. Clinical education can only be achieved by bridging academic education and clinical practice, introducing students to theRead MoreHow Teachers Having English Their Second Language1558 Words   |  7 Pagesperceives knowledge, accepts it and absorbs depends vary from person to person. Many studies have been conducted to understand the psychological aspects of this matter. Dimensions of learning style include many factors that can be studied for getting relevance into this matter. One factor is Sensing and intuitive learning that divides the students into two groups. Sensing students are good at understanding and accepting knowledge given directly to them but intuitive students get bored by pile of informationRead M oreIntegrating Wireless Laptop Into the Classroom Essay1306 Words   |  6 PagesThe theoretical framework for integrating wireless laptops involves the theory of social constructivism (SC). Dewey (1916/1997), Papert (1993/2000), Piaget (1932/1997), and Vygotsky (1978/1981) are the noted developers of the SC theory. The theory of SC underlies building collaborative relationships between teachers and their students. Dewey (1916/1997), SC suggests that teachers facilitate and observe their students. The focus must convey on understanding the vast amenities that technology

Comparing Descartes And Descartes s Philosophy On The...

Therefore, intuition according to Descartes is the result of a person’s thoughts. Descartes proceeds to explain that â€Å"there are only a few things that can be perceived clearly and distinctly† (Discourse on method, 75); only a few things that can be intuited. These things include size, shape, position, motion, duration and number. From these things, other truths can be deducted and it is through mathematical formulas that these truths can be deducted. Reason or rationality according to Descartes is having intuition and using mathematics to arrive to deductions. â€Å"For Descartes, then, all knowledge consists in self-intuition and necessary deduction† (Man of Reason, 115). Women are considered to be more impulsive and more emotional, and this knowledge is free from emotions or imaginations and can only be attained though training or education. But in the seventeenth century, women were excluded from education which left them to remain impulsive and emotiona l. The assumption thus is that women did not therefore gain rationality. I am very disturbed by the whole theory of attaining rationality through education; it is so weak. There are many examples of people who have been successful in their careers yet they did not go to school to attain that â€Å"education.† The Listverse article titled â€Å"10 poorly educated but incredibly successful people† includes examples such as Horace Greely whom without any formal education became a Congressman and one of the founding members of theShow MoreRelatedThe Mind And Body Problem1844 Words   |  8 Pagesnothing else exists except from matter so therefore the mind and the body (brain) work together and aren t separate and finally functionalism which begins to state that mind and body (brain) work in a more complex way to the other areas of belief, comparing humans to operational computers. The mind and body problem is a conundrum that argues the explanation of how mental processes work alongside physical states, taking on board that the body is physical matter and the mind is not states Gunther (1998)Read MoreThe Debate Between Nature And Nurture1828 Words   |  8 Pageswill examine both sides of the argument providing supportive historical thought provoking ideas by major influential figures. In conclusion, one will state one s position in regard to the issue. Nature as used in this context refers to the contribution of a person s genetic makeup to the development of his or her psychological traits and behaviors. In essence, it is the totality of what a person is born with, be it one s physical bodily matter or innate ideas. Here we shall first turn to theRead MoreWhat Does Language Influence Thought?3441 Words   |  14 PagesLANGUAGE INFLUENCE THOUGHT? â€Å"LANGUAGE, IT IS NATURAL TO SAY, HAS TWO PRINCIPLE FUNCTIONS: THAT OF AN INSTRUMENT OF COMMUNICATION, AND THAT OF A VEHICLE OF THOUGHT. WE ARE THEREFORE IMPELLED TO ASK WHICH OF THE TWO IS PRIMARY. IS IT BECAUSE LANGUAGE IS AN INSTRUMENT OF COMMUNICATION THAT IT CAN ALSO SERVE AS A VEHICLE OF THOUGHT? OR, IS IT CONVERSELY, BECAUSE IT IS A VEHICLE OF THOUGHT, AND CAN THEREFORE EXPRESS THOUGHTS, THAT IT CAN BE USED BY ONE PERSON TO COMMUNICATE HIS THOUGHTS TO OTHERS?† -MICHAELRead MoreExistentialism vs Essentialism23287 Words   |  94 PagesExistentialism Essentialism: A belief that things have a set of characteristics that make them what they are, amp; that the task of science and philosophy is their discovery amp; expression; the doctrine that essence is prior to existence While, Existentialism:A philosophical theory or approach, that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free amp; responsible agent, determining their own development through acts of the will. Existentialism * is a philosophicalRead MoreChristian Ethics in a Postmodern World Essay example6531 Words   |  27 Pagesbecame very popular. It has been used in the fields of art (Christo-Bakargiev 1987), architecture (Pevsner 1967), literature (Hassan 1971), video, economics, films (James 1991), ideology (Larrain 1994: 90-118), theology (Tilley at al 1995), and philosophy (Griffin et al 1993). In trying to understand ‘postmodern’, we have to understand ‘modern’ first. According to Rose (1991: 1), there are many related yet different meanings associated with the term ‘modern’. First of all, Arnold J. ToynbeeRead MoreSchool Of Immunity And Infection7583 Words   |  31 Pageseffective teaching strategy 1.1. - My concept of teaching and where it fits in the 1.2.Formative experiences; 1.3. What makes an effective teacher. Understanding one’s limitations and addressing them. (non-native speaker etc.) Constructivism; Rogers’s views Homo ludens The place of PCAP †¦ Personal development†¦ 1. 5. Interaction with peers – peer observation and what I’ve learned from that. Implementing such teaching in practice – case study and taking teaching concepts into Part 2. One size doesn’tRead MoreMental Health Counseling6134 Words   |  25 PagesAbstract: Counseling is within the reach of anyone in today’s society. The fields of mental health and community counseling allow services to be rendered to anyone that may need these services while in the past these service were only accessible for a person of a higher social standing in essence the rich. Mental health and community counseling had its beginnings several centuries ago. The services received from mental health and community counseling have helped those with personality development andRead MoreHistory of Management Thought Revision17812 Words   |  72 PagesPart Two The Scientific Management Era The purpose of Part Two is to begin with the work of Frederick W. Taylor and trace developments in management thought in Great Britain, Europe, Japan, and the U.S.A. up to about 1929. Taylor is the focal point, but we will see his followers as well as developments in personnel management and the behavioral sciences. Henri Fayol and Max Weber will be discussed, although their main influence came later, and we will conclude with an overview of the influenceRead MoreHow Fa Has the Use of English Language Enriched or Disrupted Life and Culture in Mauritius15928 Words   |  64 Pagescertainly inaccessible to anyone trying to enter. In the next stanza, she uses â€Å"Eternity† instead of â€Å"Immortality.† Combined with the buried house, this word choice has a very different connotation. If the afterlife, whether it be Heaven or Hell, is thought to be that house, and Dickenson has been waiting outside for an eternity, would it not imply that no one can get in? That the soul has no place to go after dying? Of course, the fact that the poet can relate this information after being deadRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers

The Priest Walchelin And The Hellequin s Hunt - 2000 Words

While Phaedrus, the Bhagavad Gita, Epicurus’ Letters to Menoeceus, and the story of â€Å"The Priest Walchelin and the Hellequin’s Hunt† all offer slightly different theories on what happens after death, they all agree that the death of the body is inevitable. However, the texts fail to give explicit instruction on how mortals should best live their life so as to be best situated for existence after death. Identifying how the texts instruct people to live life in a way that’s meaningful despite its temporary nature will help identify methods for benefitting humanity and thus retroactively reveal our shortcomings. According to these texts, the only way to live a meaningful life is to focus on the betterment of the soul. Because the soul will†¦show more content†¦Given that the soul outlives its host body, it must have somewhere to go once the body dies. The uncertainty of where the soul goes after death is the greatest source of fear for mortals. W hether the soul goes to a new body or to a place of divine reward or punishment, these texts reveal a change of scenery for souls. While many would like to believe that if they follow a generally moral path they’ll be rewarded after they die, â€Å"The Priest Walchelin and the Hellequin’s Hunt† challenges that idea. In this story, a member of the living is shocked to see â€Å"many highly regarded figures who†¦ should have gone straight to join the saints in heaven† (Joynes 50) roaming the earth as punishment for sins of which the public was unaware. Through this story it becomes apparent that previous modes of judging whether one will be rewarded after death aren’t reliable. This unexpected outcome is a source of terror and apprehension for many other seemingly qualified men, such as Prince Arjuna in â€Å"The Bhagavad Gita†. In the Gita, Arjuna vehemently protests killing any of his kin because â€Å"hell is waiting for those whose familiar rituals of righteousness are no more† (The Bhagavad Gita 47). Prior to his moment of weakness at the beginning of the text, Arjuna had been a â€Å"heroic warrior† (The Bhagavad Gita 43) and loyal follower of Krishna, but

Marketing Research Tools and Techniques

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Research for Tools and Techniques. Answer: Introduction Marketing has become a requisite for most businesses around the globe. The importance plays in an organization regarding the realization of the business objectives has imperatively led to the incorporation marketing into critical strategic and operational plans (Bradley, 2010, p. 80-120). The Australian economy is very dynamic and competitive. For companies to reap a maximum profit from investments, they prefer adopting an integrated marketing communication (Pelsmacker, 2010, p. 190-200). IMC means the application of various sales and marketing tools for a common purpose. The plan has, therefore, explored various aspects regarding IMC in promoting food products for children under twelve years. The food industry is among the major sectors that significantly contribute to the Gross Domestic Product of Australia. The industry has currently received new entrance ranging from the middle and small scale investors to large and well-established organizations. Those that had lost market share because of deteriorated service delivery have significantly improved creating a new wave of competition on the market. The focus captures across food processing industries. Both of these organizations largely depend on the growing population, increasing number urban dwellers (Monika, et al. 2012, p. 63-71). The plan will focus on sweets and fast moving foods. Sweets are loved by children aged between 2-12 years. They are the largest consumers for the sweets, drinks, and other fast moving foods. Producing these products on a large scale requires intensified marketing to enhance the reach of many children across Australia and other areas. However, research shows that children of the targeted age influence their parents to use forty percent of the budget in purchasing their food products. The embrasure of appropriate marketing strategy, for instance, the use of Television, Radio, in-school marketing, kids clubs and more will significantly assist in reaching a significant number of the targeted population. Therefore, sweets are the main product but the company will produce other products like biscuits, juices, and yoghurt. Almost all the population chews sweets. But the bulk of consumers are the children for 12 years and below. However, this population is not active in money generating activities, but they only play a role in pressurizing the parents to spend part of their income in purchasing such products. The sales persons should, however, clearly understand the best channels that can enhance the reach of information to children as well as parents at the same time (Lynn, 2011, p. 353-369). It is thus crucial to incorporate the ads regarding the sweets, juices, biscuits, yoghurt and more in a promotional channel that are always accessed by children (Fill, et al. 2012, p. 56-80). Communication objectives The integrated marketing communication is critical in making the sales and promotional strategies efficient e. g personal selling, public relations, advertising, sales promotions and publicity. Notably, efficiency is gained through boosting the promotional tools that could have failed to generate the desired impact of reaching the target market. Besides, the plan has mainly prioritized the following communication objectives: It involves catalysing customer familiarization about the existence of the product on the market. With our case, the awareness will be created among the parents and children of between 2 -12 years. The brand awareness will be set up through creating a strong logo; defining value proposition, and creating visibility awareness using various sales and marketing tools. First and foremost, the development of a log is essential in distinguishing the product from those of the rivals. A distinctive, easy and simple logo is used to create a cute impression about the products. And this might make the children love associating with the company (Bao and Sheng, 2011, p. 292-295). Secondly, the marketers will communicate the benefits of the products to the target population. Lastly, the application of sales and promotional methods that will result to a complete awareness regarding the availability of the product attributes. Product promotion and company knowledge A significant amount of money will be assigned because of the sales projections that the company desire to realize. Sales promotion will be a most important strategy and will rely on the following marketing elements: advertising, personal selling, publicity and public relations. The advertisement channels used will include the television, radio, the internet and the social media. The television and radio will directly reach the children while at home. Personal selling will apply the in-school marketing. This marketing technique has the capability of reaching a significant number of kids (Belch, 2011, p. 105-125). Furthermore, the company will engage in corporate social responsibilities across Australia to receive media coverage. The coverage will aid in creating awareness in the parents and children. Finally, the company will establish healthy relations with the society because the existence of a good relationship with the parents and children assists creating customer loyalty (Bound less, 2016). The consumer perceptions about a product vary based on different factors. Some of the important causes of the variations include cultural aspects, norms, age, demographic considerations, social class, and more. With the sweets and other food products, the marketers will intent to influence the purchase attitudes in children and the buyers attitude can be influenced through employing unique marketing campaign that can reach all the targeted population. The product developed will appropriately suit children needs. The development will rely on research and development to uncover consumer perception about the new product. Developing the image of the product Developing a positive image will depend on the products design as well as the ways it satisfies customers needs. The entire process just from the product designing, testing, and development should consider customers comments. Besides, the image can further develop through continuous improvements and developments. The changes in the features of the product should incorporate the latest technology so that customers may not be tempted to go for substitutes (Campbell, et al. 2003, p. 222-225). Most importantly, the products attribute mentioned in the advertisement should all be reflected in the final product to create confidence in the consumers. Influencing the purchase intention The company will create a unique intention to the purchasers of the product. Instead of just buying the product because it is available on the market, the company will influence the users to purchase the product to enjoy the benefits associated with it. For example, labelling the product on children toys will help them associate with the company and the sweets. As earlier noted, the purchase needs will emanate from product promotional and the purchase intention will be set up from the message, quality and products use. The execution of the marketing plan A research about the product will be done, and samples produced. Afterwards, test analysis will be conducted, and the users recommendations included in the final commodity. After the development, a budget will be set aside to cater for the marketing and promotional costs. Then a strong emphasis will be on the electronic forms because most of the children and parents can access to Television and radio. Secondly, in-school marketing will be employed by the marketing force (Chaudhuri, 2002, p.10-18). Electronic media will be assigned the largest share of the budget followed by the in-school marketing. Media plan Media planning is a requisite for any business that has projected to expand the market and reach new customers. Currently, the fierce competition on the market makes it imperative for organizations to embrace sales and marketing strategies. The sales, marketing and promotion, approaches applied culminates to the use of either traditional or non-traditional media or in some cases, both the media modes are combined. The fact still holds that marketing and sales promotion activities used through the press reach a significant number of people and results in a positive market response if appropriately applied (Gigi, 2014). This group of the target market mostly access to information through listening and observation. The relevant advertising and promotion channels should be the Radio and the Television. In attracting the attention of kids, the advertisement program be aired at a convenient time when most of the children are at home and listening or watching the Television. For instance, it should be aimed when a famous Television or radio program is on (Horgan, et al. 2001, p. 447-461). The repetitive broadcasting of the information about the sweets and the benefits eating the sweets during the break of a program and mostly during the evening hours is the appropriate time for both parents and children to get the message. Conclusion To sum up, sales promotion is an essential element that businesses cannot do without and favourably compete with the rivals. The children require repetitive advertisement about the product for them to love getting associated with the company. Notably, children constitute a significant number of the market. Targeting the children, therefore, helps in gaining their loyalty will assist the business to achieve its goals. However, the appropriate promotional strategy will be advertising, and personal selling and the channel that will reach a large number of children is the Television and radio because of the availability in most homes. References Bradley, Nigel (2010).Marketing Research: Tools and Techniques. Oxford University Press, Oxford, p.80-120 Bao, Y. Y and Sheng, S. (2011). Motivation purchase o privet brands: effect of store image, product signature, and quality variation. Journal of business research, 64, pp 220-226 Belch, M; Belch, G (2011). Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. P.105-125 Boundless, (2016). Boundless Marketing: Available at: https://www.boundless.com/marketing/textbooks/boundless-marketing-textbook/advertising-and-public-relations-13/the-advertising-campaign-88/media-types-and-scheduling-442-10632/. Retrieved on 26th December, 2016 Campbell, M. C., Keller, K. L. (2003) Brand familiarity and advertising reputation effects: Journal of Consumer Research, pp 292-295. Chaudhuri, A. A. (2002). Product-class effects on brand commitment and brand outcomes: The role of brand trust and brand affect. Journal of Brand Management, Vol. 5, pp 10-18. Fill, Chris; Hughes, Graham; De Francesco, Scott (2012). Advertising: Strategy, Creativity and Media. Pearson.p.56-80 Gigi, D (2014)."Marketing research": Retrieve from: About .com marker research:https://marketresearch.about.com/od/market.research.brand.equity/g/Customer-Brand-Attitude.htm Horgan KB, Choate M, Brownell KD, (2001). Television food advertising: Handbook of Children and Media. Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage Publications; pp. 447461. Lynn, K. (2011). Segmenting and Targeting Your Market: Strategies and Limitations, The Cornell School of Hotel Administration on hospitality: Cutting edge thinking and practice (pp. 353-369) Monika Kukar, K., Nancy M, R., Kent B, M. (2012) The Role of Price in the Behavior and Purchase Decisions of Compulsive Buyers: Journal of Retailing, pp 6371. Pelsmacker, P (2010) Marketing Communications: A European Perspective. Essex: Financial Times / Prentice Hall, p.190-200

History & Philosophy of Natural Medicine-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the History and Philosophy of Natural Medicine. Answer: Homeopathy is an alternative medicine system whose aim is to cure symptoms of a disease rather than curing the disease itself. This medical system is a pseudoscience and opponents argue that it is incorrectly presented as having a scientific rationale behind it (Roberts et al., 2016). The present paper describes the underlying theoretical structure that homoeopathic medicine system is based on. Further, the contribution of cultural and historical aspects to the development of this form of medicine is highlighted. Lastly, how this medical system is practised today and how is differ from its historical usage is analysed. According to Frei-Erb et al., (2016) homoeopathy system was brought into existence by Samuel Hahnemann who believed in the doctrine of like cure like. His claim was that an agent causing symptoms of a disease could cure the same type of symptoms in people who are unhealthy or sick. The belief behind the medical system is that the underlying cause of disease is certain phenomena that are responsible for causing complications in the body. The homoeopathic preparations capable of addressing these phenomena, as suggested by Hahnemann. The preparations are made through the process of homoeopathic dilution that considers diluting a substance in a repetitive manner in distal water or alcohol while bashing the containing vessel aginst an elastic material. Dilution is done till the original substances molecules are not into existence. The dilutions are prescribed to the patients on the basis of the personal traits, symptoms, life history, psychological state and physical state of the patient. After its first announcement in the year 1814, homeopathy created a warfare between itself and orthodox medicine. Opponents had the belief that homeopathy medicine was not to be considered as a reasonable and convinceable treatment system since the tenets and code of belief regarding how the drugs work were opposed by different discoveries across scientific world. However, Hahnemann insisted that the medicine could retain a diversified therapeutic power and cure almost all forms of diseases, as announced by him in 1828. However, his followers brought modification to the claims so that it became accepted by orthodox medical practitioners. In 1903, the American Medical Association considered including homoeopathy within its domains. He Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1939 in the USA allowed homoeopathic medicines to be sold openly on the market. There has been much evolution and revival of the use of homeopathic medicine. In 2002, research indicated that the use of such remedies has inc reased by almost 500% in the last seven years (Roberts et al., 2016). At present, the diseases that are mostly considered for treatment by homeopathic medicine include asthma, allergic rhinitis, depression, otitis media, headache neurotic disorders, hypertension, non-specific allergy, dermatitis and arthritis. Previously the medical system was used for curing only a few diseases. A number of countries across the globe have engaged in research practices to highlight the optimal benefits that can be gained from this medical system. Some practitioners have to opine that randomised controlled trials have established the efficiency and efficacy of homeopathic medicines. However, some other groups of scholars have pointed out that homeopathy has a negligible therapeutic effect and this is more prominent since the randomised controlled trials had limitations of suitable study methodology (Mathie et al., 2013). In Australia, the homeopathic profession has gained major milestones in the past one decade. Thus, the profession has achieved the type of self-regulat ion and organisation suggested by the Government. The homeopathic profession, together with the Federal Government, had founded the National Competency Standards in Homeopathy in the year 1999. Such approaches are found in many other countries as well (Wardle et al., 2013). References Frei-Erb, M., von Ammon, K., Torchetti, L. (2016). Use of homeopathy in patients with organ transplant in Switzerland: first results and further steps.Homeopathy,105(1), 25. Mathie, R. T., Hacke, D., Clausen, J., Nicolai, T., Riley, D. S., Fisher, P. (2013). Randomised controlled trials of homeopathy in humans: characterising the research journal literature for systematic review.Homeopathy,102(1), 3-24. Roberts, E. R., Tournier, A. L., Chatfield, K., Viksveen, P., Mathie, R. T. (2016). How safe is homeopathy? An analysis of the Posadzki et al. 2012 safety paper and fresh review of the same literature.Homeopathy,105(1), 20. Wardle, J., Adams, J., Sibbritt, D. (2013). Homeopathy in rural Australian primary health care: a survey of general practitioner referral and practice in rural and regional New South Wales, Australia.Homeopathy,102(3), 199-206.